401(k) Distribution to Repay Student Loans

READER QUESTION

Should I cash-out my 401(k) to pay-off my student loans?

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Bills.com Resident Expert
Dec 28, 2011
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Congress permits two types of hardship distributions.
  • File a Form 5329 to report the tax on early distributions.
  • Your plan administrator will send you a Form 1099-R.
BILL'S ANSWER

In general, when you withdraw money from a traditional individual retirement account such as a 401(k) or other qualified retirement plan before you turn age 59 1/2, you are subject to penalty of 10%. The taxable amount is also included in your taxable income. This 10% tax is in addition to regular income taxes. You can avoid this additional tax penalty if you meet certain criteria, but you cannot avoid including your retirement withdrawal from your taxable income.

Read the IRS document 401(k) Resource Guide - Plan Participants - General Distribution Rules to understand the general guidelines Congress put in place for distributions.

Instead of accepting a distribution of all of the funds from your 401(k) consider a 401(k) loan. See the IRS document The Fix Is In: Common Plan Mistakes - Participant Loans in 401(k) Plans to see how to avoid common mistakes when taking a loan on your 401(k) account.

To learn more about distributions from a 401(k), see the Bills.com resource 401(k) Early Withdrawal Tax Penalty.

You did not ask, but if you chose to not take a distribution from your 401(k) -- and I urge you to avoid raiding your retirement account -- I suggest you would with your 401(k) plan administrator on moving your money into a higher-yielding fund. My guess is that you have your money in the default account, which most plan administrators select as the most conservative fund available. Diversify your portfolio and, depending on the number of years to your retirement, move an appropriate fraction of your funds into high-risk, high-yield accounts.

I hope the information provided helps you Find. Learn. Save.

Best,

Bill

www.bills.com

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