The Statute of Limitations

It has been six years since my last payment on my debts. Do my state statute of limitations protect me?

Read full question
Bill's Answer: Bills.com Resident Expert

I am not sure what you mean by "in the clear". However, I can provide you with information pertaining to how the statute of limitations work.

Statute of Limitations

All states have a body of statutes in their codes of law called, "Limitations of Actions," commonly referred to as the statute of limitations. The idea behind these laws is that we as a society have decided that we don't want old debts hanging around forever — we want people and businesses to be able to move on with their lives without worrying about being sued.

Statute of Limitations Vary by State

The length of time a creditor has to sue you depends on your state of residence and the type of debt. For example, many states allow longer for creditors to file suit to collect on closed-ended consumer loans than on credit card debts. Most states give credit card issuers three to four years to file suit after default, but some states allow as many as 10 years. You mentioned New Mexico in your question. New Mexico's statute of limitations is four years for credit card debt. See the Bills.com Collection Laws and Statute of Limitations page if you reside in another state.

The page I just mentioned has more information about statutes of limitations and a list of limitations by state. If a creditor files a lawsuit after the allowed time, the court will usually throw the case out and not allow the creditor to file suit again (called dismissed with prejudice).

However, you must raise the issue of expired statute of limitations in a written response to the lawsuit, or else the court will not know that the statute of limitations has expired. Although the periods vary from state to state, I believe that there is only one, Ohio, that has a statute of limitations that runs longer than 10 years.

Remember: The passing of a statute of limitations does not mean a creditor may not sue you. It means if a lawsuit is filed you have defense against the lawsuit if you raise the defense in a timely manner. Also, keep in mind that the passage of the SOL does not prevent a creditor from calling you to collect on the debt; it simply provides you an absolute defense in court if the creditor files suit.

It is very important to keep in mind that a debt that has expired due to the statute of limitations can be brought back to life. When a single payment is made by a debtor on an expired debt, the clock can be re-set on the statute of limitations. There are debt collectors who purchase the right to collect on expired debt. They hope that they can pressure someone into making payments on a debt that the debtor no longer has to pay.

If you are concerned with how a charge off impacts your credit report I encourage you to read Charge-Off & Credit Report.

I hope this information helps you Find, Save, and Lean.

Best,

Bill

Bills.com

Comments (6)


JR R.
New York, NY  |  November 02, 2011
I have an old Bank of american account from 2008 that is unpaid. A company called Asset Acceptance just showed up on my credit report trying to re-age the account. I am moving to Maryland next years which has 3 years, SOL on debt. Should I ignore this collector and dispute it once I am a resident of Maryland. thank you for your advice
Bills.com
November 02, 2011
Let us look at the facts and terms you shared in your message, and others that were implied:
  • Statute of Limitations. Just because a statute of limitations has passed does not mean a creditor may not collect a debt, except in Wisconsin. The passing of a statute of limitations gives a defendant in a lawsuit an affirmative defense, and nothing more. See Statute of Limitations to learn more.
  • Time and Credit Reports. Seven and a half years is how long most derogatory items can appear on a consumer's credit report file. The 7½-year rule has nothing to do with charge off. It does not determine whether the debt is collectible. It also has nothing to do with a state's statute of limitations. See the Bills.com resource Fair Credit Reporting Act to learn more about what can appear on a credit report and for how long.
  • Charge-off / write-off. An accounting term that means a creditor has moved an account from its current-accounts book to its general ledger as a bad debt. It does not mean the account is canceled, forgiven, or extinguished. See the Bills.com resource Charge Off for a more complete discussion of this oft-misunderstood phrase.

A collection agent working on a debt older than a state's statute of limitations may contact the consumer to attempt to collect the ancient debt (except in Wisconsin). It can even file a lawsuit against the consumer. However, the consumer has an affirmative defense if there is such a lawsuit.

My advice? Dispute the debt.

Robert W.
Winnebago, IL  |  May 18, 2011
A promissory note for an ATV was received at an Illinois bank which has the bank headquarters in Wisconsin. Payment were made to Wisconsin. Illinois the state I live in has a six year status and Wisconsin has ten years. Which state would the bank have to honor?
Bills.com
May 18, 2011
What does the choice-of-laws clause in the loan contract say?
Avatar
Bills.com
September 20, 2010
The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy states that "actual credit losses on individual retail loans should be recorded when the institution becomes aware of the loss." According to OCC Bulletin 2000-20 "... closed-end loans (must) be charged off when 120 days past due and that open-end credit be charged off when 180 days past due."

Here, the creditor charged-off the account exactly one year too late under FFIEC policy.
Guy E.
September 20, 2010
IF the last payment made on credit card 4/2003 with visa card does it have to be charged off after 120 days they didn't charge it off till july 2004 is this legal I live in nc
Waiting for comments to load Loading more comments
Thanks for your feedback!
 
Thank you for subscribing!