Statute of Limitations on Debt
- Review your state's statute of limitation laws.
- Get statute of limitation laws on various types of debt.
- Understand that statute of limitations issues can be complicated and may require consulting with an attorney.
Statute of Limitations Laws by State
Below find consumer statutes of limitations laws for the 50 US states and the District of Columbia. Use this as a starting point for your research — it is not legal advice. Consult an attorney for legal advice specific to your situation.
Quick Tip
If debt is causing you distress, consult with a Bills.com debt relief partner to get no-cost advice about your debt resolution options.
The statute of limitations listed below concern breach of contract. This is the legal reason a creditor must use to file a lawsuit against a delinquent borrower. Statutes of limitation vary by debt type. A statute of limitations clock usually starts the moment a borrower becomes delinquent on a debt. The clock can be paused if the debtor leaves the country or even the state, depending on state law.
An expired statute of limitations clock does not mean the original creditor is stopped from filing a lawsuit against a delinquent debtor. (An exception to this rule applies to Mississippi and Wisconsin residents.) An expired statute of limitations gives a borrower an affirmative defense he or she can use as a shield to stop a lawsuit. A borrower must inform the court the statute of limitations defense applies — a court will not raise this issue on its own.
Beware
Some Internet commentators simplify statute of limitations rules to a phrase like, “An original creditor can’t sue you if the statute of limitations has passed.” This is a false interpretation of the law in all but two states. However, courts have decided the FDCPA bars collection agents from suing consumers for expired debt.
Some creditors file lawsuits against delinquent borrowers even though the statute of limitations clock expired. Creditor do so because, unfortunately, many consumers do not understand their rights or hope if they ignore a notice of a lawsuit (called a summons and complaint) it will go away. Consult with a lawyer in your state immediately if you receive a notice of a lawsuit. You must file an answer to the complaint or you will lose by default.
Read the Bills.com article What Is a Statute of Limitation? to learn more, including which statute of limitations applies to your situation.
You might wonder what other state laws apply to you. To learn more about your state's rules for wage garnishment and related exemptions, see the Bills.com Collection Laws & Exemptions by State page.
| Statute of Limitations on Debt | Community Property | Judgment Rate | Mortgage Anti- Deficiency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit Card | Verbal Contract | Written Contract | Judgment1 | ||||
| Alabama | 3 | 6 | 6 or 10 | 20 | 12.00% | No | |
| Alaska | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Yes | 10.00% | Depends2 |
| Arizona | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | Yes | Fed + 5 | Yes |
| Arkansas | 3 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 10.50% | Depends_3_ | |
| California | 2 or 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 | Yes | 10.00% | Yes |
| Colorado | 6 | 6 | 6 | 20 | 8.00% | No | |
| Connecticut | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 or 20 | 10.00% | No | |
| Delaware | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | FedDisc+5 | No | |
| D.C. | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 70% IRS% | No | |
| Florida | 4 | 4 | 5 | 20 | 10.00% | No | |
| Georgia | 4 or 6_14_ | 4 | 6 | 7 | 12.00% | No | |
| Hawaii | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 10.00% | No | |
| Idaho | 4 | 5 | 10 | 20 | Yes | 9.00% | No |
| Illinois | 5 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 8.00% | No | |
| Indiana | 6 | 6 | 10 | 20 | 10.00% | No | |
| Iowa | 5 | 5 | 10 | 6 | Treasury+2 | No (PDF) | |
| Kansas | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | FedDisc+4 | No | |
| Kentucky | 5 | 5 | 15 | 15 | 12.00% | No | |
| Louisiana | 3 | 10 | 10 | 10 | Yes | 9.00% | No |
| Maine | 6 | 6 | 6 | 20 | 7.50% | No | |
| Maryland | 3 | 3 | 3_10_ | 12 | 15.00% | No | |
| Massachusetts | 6 | 6 | 6 | 20 | 10.00% | No | |
| Michigan | 4_9_ | 6 | 6 | 10 | 20.00% | No | |
| Minnesota | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 6.90% | No | |
| Mississippi_11_ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 5.00% | Yes | |
| Missouri | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | Contract | No | |
| Montana | 5 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 9.00% | Depends3 | |
| Nebraska | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5_5_ | Prime+2 | No | |
| Nevada | 4_13_ | 4 | 6 | 10 | Yes | 9.00% | No |
| New Hampshire | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 10.00% | No | |
| New Jersey | 6 | 6 | 6 | 14 | Varies | No | |
| New Mexico | 4 | 4 | 6 | 20 | Yes | 8.75% | No |
| New York | 6 | 6 | 6 | 20 | 8.00% | No | |
| North Carolina | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 10.00% | Depends4 | |
| North Dakota | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | Bond+1% | No | |
| Ohio | ?6 | 6 | 8 or 15_8_ | 5_7_ | 12.00% | No | |
| Oklahoma | 3 or 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10.00% | Depends4 | |
| Oregon | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 | T-bill+4% | No | |
| Pennsylvania | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6.00% | No | |
| Rhode Island | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 9.00% | No | |
| South Carolina | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Prime+4 | No | |
| South Dakota | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 12.00% | Depends3 | |
| Tennessee | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 10.00% | No | |
| Texas | 4 | 4 | 4 | 10 | Yes | 10.00% | No |
| Utah | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 6% or 18% | No | |
| Vermont | 6 | 6 | 6 | 20 | 12.00% | No | |
| Virginia | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | Contract | No | |
| Washington | 6 | 3 | 6 | 10 | Yes | 9 | Depends4 |
| West Virginia | 5 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 10.00% | Depends | |
| Wisconsin12 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 20 | Yes | 12.00% | No |
| Wyoming | 8 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 12.00% | No | |
| Notes | 1. Judgments can be renewed in many jurisdictions. In some cases, even a dormant judgment can be renewed.2. The lender can collect a deficiency after judicial foreclosure, but not on a non-judicial foreclosure. 3. The lender can collect a deficiency depending on the type of foreclosure. 4. The lender can collect a deficiency after judicial foreclosure. 5. If the judgment-creditor sits on their rights for 5 years, the judgment becomes dormant (Nebraska Revised Statute 25-1515) 6. See the Bills.com resource Ohio Collection Laws. 7. Five years, then becomes dormant unless revived by the judgment-creditor (Ohio Revised Code 2329.07) 8. 15 years for actions accrued before Sept. 28, 2012, and 8 years for actions accruing after that date (Ohio Revised Code 2305.06 as per SB 224) 9. See Fisher Sand and Gravel Co v Neal A. Sweebe, Inc, 293 Mich App 66; 810 NW2d 277 (2011), lv gtd 491 Mich 914; 811 NW2d 496 (2012) 10. Default is 3 years, but can be 12 years for "special" contracts. 11. Upon expiration of the statute of limitations clock, the creditor loses the right to file a lawsuit. “The completion of the period of limitation prescribed to bar any action shall defeat and extinguish the right as well as the remedy.” Miss. Code Ann. 8 15-1 -3. 12. Upon expiration of the statute of limitations clock, the creditor loses the right to file a lawsuit. “When the period within which an action may be commenced on a Wisconsin cause of action has expired, the right is extinguished along with the remedy.” Wis. Stat. 8893.05. 13. See Nevada Collection Laws for a discussion of how Nevada state courts view statute of limitations for credit cards. 14. See Georgia Collection Laws for a discussion of how Georgia state courts view statute of limitations for credit cards. | ||||||
Did you know?
Debt is used to buy a home, pay for bills, buy a car, or pay for a college education. According to the NY Federal Reserve total household debt as of Q4 2023 was $17.503 trillion. Auto loan debt was $1.607 trillion and credit card was $1.129 trillion.
According to data gathered by Urban.org from a sample of credit reports, about 26% of people in the US have some kind of debt in collections. The median debt in collections is $1,739. Student loans and auto loans are common types of debt. Of people holding student debt, approximately 10% had student loans in collections. The national Auto/Retail debt delinquency rate was 4%.
The amount of debt and debt in collections vary by state. For example, in Maryland, 24% have any kind of debt in collections and the median debt in collections is $1562. Medical debt is common and 10% have that in collections. The median medical debt in collections is $508.
While many households can comfortably pay off their debt, it is clear that many people are struggling with debt. Make sure that you analyze your situation and find the best debt payoff solutions to match your situation.
