If a corporation is created in accordance with state and federal law, is operated by its officers with the proper formalities, is funded properly, and is not an alter-ego of the stockholders, then the stockholders are insulated from the corporation's liabilities. The same is true for a corporation's officers, although officers have personal liability if their actions violate the law or their fiduciary duty to the corporation.
You mentioned you are being sued personally for a debt owed on a credit card that was in your corporation's name. The key issue here is whether you have personal liability for this debt. It is possible for a corporate officer to have his or her name on a credit card account and have no personal liability for the account. Let us assume for a moment that is the case here. If your name was on the account for the sake of convenience and you did not sign a credit card contract that gave you personal liability, then the credit card issuer has no recourse against you personally. The corporation was liable, and when the corporation wound-down its operations, it would have paid whatever was available to unsecured creditors.
However, it is also possible that the credit card contract you signed included a clause that stated that if the corporation defaulted on the loan, you the signatory had personal liability. If the contract you signed gave you personal liability, then the credit card issuer has the right to use the courts to sue you for breach of contract, obtain a judgment, and use the judgment to levy your bank account, get a wage garnishment, or place a lien on your property.
Take your credit card agreement to an attorney in your state who has experience in civil litigation or consumer rights law. Ask him or her to review the contract you signed, and explain what if any liability you have for the business credit card debt.
You mentioned you cannot afford an attorney. Call your county bar association and ask for the name of the organization in your area that provides legal advice to people with low or no income. Call that organization and make an appointment. Bring all of the documents you have regarding the credit card debt, the formation of your corporation, the wind-down of the corporation, and the letters from the law firm threatening legal action against you to that meeting. The attorney or paralegal you meet with will advise you accordingly.
See the Bills.com resource Ohio Collection Laws to learn more about your potential liabilities.
I hope this information helps you Find. Learn & Save.
Best,
Bill
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