Collection on Title Loan

If I default on a title loan can the lender repossess my vehicle?

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Bill's Answer: Answered by Mark Cappel

A "title loan" offers the consumer cash from the lender in exchange for the title of a paid-for vehicle to secure the loan. (The titled property can be a passenger vehicle, motorcycle, boat, or airplane.) Typically, these loans are due back in full 30 days later. There's no credit check and only minimal income verification. The fees range from $80 to $100 for a loan amount of $500. The annual percentage rate (APR) on these loans can be as high as 250%. By federal law, title loan lenders must disclose the interest rates in APR terms, but it is common for title lenders to hide the APR in favor of a monthly rate, which appears less usurious. Many states regulate title loans.

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It is common for title lenders to accept interest-only payments for an extended period of time, which causes the consumer to in a very short period of time pay more in interest than the amount borrowed. The lender has the right to repossess the titled property if the consumer defaults on the loan.

Because of the very high interest rates and stiff fees and high risk for losing a vehicle they have paid for, consumers should avoid title loans.

Importance of State Laws

Regarding your question, "Do they have to repo the car first and then hold me responsible for any remaining balance if any?" The answer to this question depends on the laws in your state of residence.

Here is the worst-case scenario: For the sake of argument, let us say that the vehicle has a fair market value of $1,000 and that you got a title loan of $400. Let us also assume that you repaid the creditor $0. The creditor has the right to repossess the vehicle, sell it, and if there is any balance left over after paying the interest, balance, and auction fees, you will receive that surplus.

Now let us change the facts and say that for the sake of argument that the vehicle has a fair market value of $1,000 and you got a title loan of $3,000. Let us assume again that you repaid the creditor $0. The creditor repossesses the vehicle and sells it for $1,000 and tacks on $500 in fees and interest. You would be liable for the deficiency balance of $2,500.

Regarding your question, "Do they have to get the judgment before they can repo the vehicle?" the answer is "maybe" and is dependent on your state of residence. In some states the creditor being on the title gives them the right to repossess the vehicle. The vehicle is, after all, in the creditor’s name. In other states lenders will not take possession of a vehicle but instead file a lawsuit to collect the balance due plus court costs and finance charges. You did not mention your state of residence, so it is impossible for me to say what your rights are in your state.

I hope this information helps you Find. Learn. Save.

Best,

Bill

Bills.com

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Comments (50)


James T.
Garland, TX  |  May 03, 2013
Can a title loan company file chapter 32 felony against me in the state of Texas after I defaulted on $550 loan after 6 payments
Bills.com
May 03, 2013
Allow me to make three points before answering your question:
  • District attorneys, attorneys general, and special prosecutors may charge a person with a crime. Lenders, such as credit card issuers, banks, credit unions, title and payday lenders, do not have the ability to charge people with crimes. A lender who thinks a customer committed a crime is allowed to share that information with a prosecutor. However, just because a lender says something like, "We'll ask the DA to charge you with a crime," does not mean the DA will do so. This leads me to my second point.
  • Fraud is a crime of intent. A prosecutor needs to prove beyond reasonable doubt to a jury that the defendant "...intentionally or knowingly (made) a materially false or misleading written statement to obtain property or credit..." Texas Chapter 7 § 32.32.
  • Let us assume for the sake of argument a local DA could prove you intended to commit fraud. Under § 32.32, the threshold for a felony conviction is $1,500. I would argue a $550 title loan would be considered a Class A Misdemeanor, and not a felony under § 32.32.

Getting back to my second point, it seems to me your making six payments is strong evidence you intended to repay the title loan. A prosecutor would need compelling evidence to the contrary that overcomes your payment history. A prosecutor would need an admission from you to the effect of, "I planned all along to rip-off that title lender," to show you intended to commit a crime.

My advice? First, read § 32.33 to understand Texas' law regarding hindering a secured creditor. If the title lender seeks to repossess the vehicle and you conceal it, you may be guilty of felony. Second, consult with a Texas lawyer who has consumer law experience to learn more about your rights and liabilities.

Kathy R.
Alton, IL  |  April 23, 2013
I currently have a title loan in Illinois. I recently found out that according to Illinois law, "Lenders may not take keys or copies of keys as security. 38 Ill Adm Code 110.390(a)". My question is this, if this is the case, why then did the title loan company make a copy of the key?
Bills.com
April 23, 2013
Perhaps because it is not aware of Illinois 38 Ill Adm Code 110.390(a), or because it does not care it violated the law by doing so.

I think perhaps you were really asking, "What can I do if a lender violates 38 Ill Adm Code 110.390(a)?" Consult with an Illinois lawyer who has consumer law experience to learn what, if any, recourse you have against the lender. If you cannot afford a lawyer, visit the Illinois Legal Aid Online Web site to find a lawyer in your area who provides legal services to people with low or no income.
Joe L.
Granbury, TX  |  March 29, 2013
We went to Loan Depot in Granbury, Texas and took a $400 title loan on a minivan worth $1,500 but couldn't pay. It was repossessed and they stored it for the last 2 years. They didn't try to auction or sell it. Now, they want us to pay $1,300 in storage and fees. Since it was their fault for not trying sell it, I don't see how they can say we owe them more money when they repo'ed it and have the title! Can you tell me if this is legal or possible?
Bills.com
March 29, 2013
What you described is not permitted under Texas Business And Commerce Code, Title 1. Uniform Commercial Code, Chapter 9, Sec. 9.615. Under the UCC, the secured party (here, it's Loan Depot) must act in a "commercially reasonable manner" to sell or auction the vehicle, and give you any surplus from its sale. If, as you mentioned, the vehicle was worth $1,500 when the vehicle was repo'ed, you owed Loan Depot $400, and for the sake of argument it sold the vehicle right away for $1,000, Loan Depot would owe you $600 minus any repo fees.

Consult with a Texas lawyer who has experience with consumer law to learn how to answer Loan Depot's unreasonable claim against you.
Aaron S.
February 07, 2013
What are the repo law(s) in the state of Kansas/Missouri? $2,000 loan out. The vehicle is in Kansas but got the loan from Missouri.
Bills.com
February 07, 2013
Let us start with two brief reading assignments for you:
  1. Read Missouri Collection Laws to get a basic understanding of Missouri's consumer protection laws.
  2. Read Kansas Collection Laws to get a basic understanding of Kansas' consumer protection laws.
In Kansas, a lender must give notice before it can repossess a vehicle. The lender can repossess the vehicle on its own, and does not need the court's permission or involve the local sheriff. If the collateral is worth less than $1,000, the lender may not collect a deficiency balance. See Kansas Statute Chapter 16a Article 5 to read Kansas' laws.

Missouri's laws are similar, though there is no restriction on collecting any deficiency balance. See Missouri Section 400.9-101 to read the statute.

Implied in your question is which state's laws apply. Dig out your loan contract and see if it contains a choice of laws clause. If it does not, consult with a lawyer in your state of residence to learn which state's laws apply. If you are a Missouri resident, the answer to your question is easy. If you are a Kansas resident, then which laws apply is a bit more complicated.
Tammy J.
August 08, 2012
My fiance took out a title loan here in GA. He hasn't been able to make good on it. We tried to work out an different payment planned but were denied. Now an "agent" is threatening to put a warrant on him in our county. Can they do this? I thought it was a civil matter.
Bills.com
August 09, 2012
I cannot find any Georgia law criminalizing the failure to repay a title loan. See Georgia O.C.G.A. § 44-12-131 to learn more about Georgia's title loan laws.

In all states, arrest warrants are created by judges and magistrates, and not creditors. The collection agent violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act when he or she threatened your friend with arrest.
Ashley W.
Lake City, SC  |  May 22, 2012
I'm from SC and I have a title loan on my car. I missed one payment, and I got a "Notice to Cure" in the mail. My last day to pay was 05/22. I took a payment up there and was told that I had to make another payment the next day. The "Notice to Cure" didn't say anything about making two payments. It just informed me if the past due about is paid by 05/22 then I could continue with my loan agreement as thought I was never late. Can they still take my car?
Bills.com
May 22, 2012
Review the title loan contract you signed. I am guessing, note that word choice, there may be an acceleration clause of some kind in your contract that requires you to make a second payment immediately when you become delinquent. However, I hasten to add I have not seen a title loan contract before, and I do not know what sorts of clauses these contain customarily. If you cannot find an acceleration clause in your title loan contract, take it to a lawyer in your area who has contract law experience. He or she will read your contract, and explain your rights and liabilities. He or she will also advise you if the contract's clauses are permitted under your state's laws.
Vicki G.
Grand Terrace, CA  |  April 04, 2012
I am hopefully going to be an office manager in a bail bonds company, this is new for me, however the owner knows that I am an honest person and he has had bad luck with other employees (he is jxtarted his own company 3 years now) my question is when repossessing the vehicle do I need the original certificate of ownership showing the company as the lien holder or can we use the electronic copy we printed out from the DMV showing the company as the lien holder. Thank yo
Bills.com
April 05, 2012
After you are hired, ask the owner of your company to spend an hour with you in a lawyer's office to review the laws — both statutes written by your state legislature and case law — that impact your business. Details and nuance matter. For example, in Nevada, a creditor may repossess a vehicle if the vehicle's owner does not object. However, if the owner objects, then the creditor must get a court order before a repo man can touch the vehicle. California, on the other hand, does not have that rule. My point is, you need to know all of the details of your state's laws backwards and forwards because if you do not, you will eventually learn the rules in a very expensive manner.
Tony L.
Indian Springs, AL  |  March 04, 2012
I live in Alabama and I took out an $800 title loan abt 4 months ago. I have been paying on it until something came up and, didn't pay last months fee. I called twice to make arrangements and they fell through but yesterday, they came and took my car. I need to know what it is I need to do to get my car back? It is my only means of transportation. What kind of fees am I looking at paying and who I need to pay? Any help would be great. Thanks.
Bills.com
March 05, 2012
You need to reach the party that repossessed your car and find out what they are asking. The paperwork you received when you took out the title loan may specify how much fees and penalties can apply if you default on the loan. It may be the case that the lender has the right to sell your vehicle and keep whatever it sells for.
Jack V.
January 26, 2012
I took out a title loan for $700 on my vehicle back in October, 2011. I was unable to make the required payments as I only receive social security on behalf of my 4 children and $380 for myself and my interest payments were $230 per month. I was not thinking rationally at the time and needed to money to pay the heat and water bill (I was unemployed at that time), I took out the loan, knowing I could never repay it. 10 days ago (1/17) they reposessed my vehicle. I received a notice stating I have 15 days from reposession to pay an amount of $2100 and some change to get the car back. Is there anything I can do to get this reduced or delayed? Can I hire an attorney? I don't know what to do. While I should have NEVER taken out the loan- they shouldn't have given it to me with an income of $380 per month. Any assistance you can give would help me out. Thank you!! Laurie H.
Bills.com
January 29, 2012
I am not aware of any recourse available to you. Title loans do not require an income verification, to my knowledge. It is up to the borrower to use his or her judgment, before taking out such a loan that places the car at great risk. I understand you were in a desperate state, as you needed to keep your heat and water on, but believe the only way to get your car back is to pay them what they are asking.

You can try speaking with your state's Attorney General's office, consumer protection division, but I am not sure that they can do anything to help you.
Kara B.
Bartlett, TN  |  January 14, 2012
I have a title loan in TN, and I was wondering how I go about giving my car over to the lenders? I am getting a new car and my current vehicle is a lemon. I have $400 left to pay on my loan and I am sure my current car is enough to pay it off. I was just wondering if I could just drop it off at the Title Loan office and just be done with them.
Bills.com
January 15, 2012
Read the Bills.com article to learn more about voluntary repossession. Given the costs of voluntary repossession, you may be money-ahead by paying-off the loan and selling the vehicle on your own. What is the Blue Book value of your vehicle? Your creditor may not agree to take the car. They will most certainly want to guarantee that the full amount of loan will be repaid.
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